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The patent gives exceedingly little information about the isolation process, stating only that a variety of relatively crude chromatographic approaches were utilized (i.e., ion-exchange and gel) followed by dialysis (i.e

Goetzman, E., Gong, Z., Zhang, B

10.1038/s41598-018-19213-4 110 ServiddioG.CassanoT.PaceL.BedseG.Michele LavecchiaA.De MarcoF.et al (2015)

When NAA was low, blood flow was high in the white matter of the brain

In the next step, a second equivalent of GSH reacts with the glutathionylated intermediate to form the stable product GSSG, and this allows the release of the reduced selenium or cystine for the next catalytic cycle (see Figure 4 for an example of GPX4 oxidoreductase mechanism)