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Fatigue: Paradoxical tiredness initially, due to metabolic adjustments

How oxidized low-density lipoprotein activates inflammatory responses

Proteins that regulate ferroptosis are GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4), cystine/glutamate antiporter System Xc, iron homeostasis, and some enzymes associated with lipids synthesis such as (Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain Family Member 4 (ACSL4) and Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) [249, 250]

Non-homologous end joining primarily functions during the G1 phase and early S phase of the cell cycle, while homologous recombination is more active during the S phase and G2 phase (Yang et al., 2025)

Ferroptosis is initiated by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, marked by the accumulation of ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA) buildup and iron overload