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But only the R-isomer (R-ALA) is naturally produced in the body and actively participates in mitochondrial energy metabolism.12 Some studies suggest that R-ALA may be more bioavailable than standard racemic ALA though the clinical significance of this difference is still under investigation.17 In addition, anecdotal reports and small studies indicate that R-ALA may be easier on digestion, with fewer gastrointestinal side effects than standard racemic ALA, especially at higher doses.18 However, R-ALA is chemically unstable on its own

doi: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2097417 35 EthunC

A meta-analysis showed decreased SBP and DBP in participants receiving 424 g/day (median: 9 g) over 224 weeks (median: 4 weeks) [67]

Supplements that can lower heart rate are particularly important for enhancing athletic performance

List of April 2023 Recipients of the FTCs Notice of Penalty Offenses Concerning Substantiation of Product Claims